Clinical Biomechanics of Posture a.k.a. Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP)Technique
I. X-Ray/Posture Reliability
1. Jackson BL, Harrison DD, Robertson GA, Barker WF. Chiropractic Biophysics Lateral Cervical Film Analysis
Reliability. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1993;16(6): 384-91.
2. Troyanovich SJ, Robertson GA, Harrison DD, Holland B. Intra- and Interexaminer Reliability of the
Chiropractic Biophysics Lateral Lumbar Radiographic Mensuration Procedure. J Manipulative Physiol Ther
1995;18(8):519-524.
3. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Holland B, Janik TJ. A Further Analysis of the Reliability of the
Posterior Tangent Lateral Lumbar Radiographic Mensuration Procedure: Concurrent Validity of Computer Aided
X-ray Digitization. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(7): 460-467.
4. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO, Harrison DD, Harrison DE, Payne M, Janik TJ, Holland B. Chiropractic
Biophysics Digitized Radiographic Mensuration Analysis of the Anteroposterior Lumbar View: A Reliability Study.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(5): 309-315.
5. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Janik TJ, Holland B. Chiropractic Biophysics
Digitized Radiographic Mensuration Analysis of the Anteroposterior Cervico-thoracic View: A Reliability Study. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23: 476-82.
6. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Troyanovich SJ, Janik TJ, Holland B. Cobb Method or Harrison Posterior
Tangent Method: Which is Better for Lateral Cervical Analysis? Spine 2000; 25(16): 2072-78.
7. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Centroid, Cobb or Harrison Posterior Tangents:
Which to Choose for Analysis of Thoracic Kyphosis? Spine 2001; 26(11): E227-E234. 8. Harrison DE, Cailliet R,
Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Radiographic Analysis of Lumbar Lordosis: Cobb Method, Centroidal Method,
TRALL or Harrison Posterior Tangents? Spine 2001; 26(11): E235-E242.
9. Janik TJ, Harrison DE, Harrison, DD, Payne MR, Coleman RR, Holland B. Reliability of lateral bending and
axial rotation with validity of a New Method to determine Axial Rotations on AP Radiographs. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2001; 24(7): 445-448.
10. Harrison DE, Holland B, Harrison DD, Janik TJ. Further Reliability Analysis of the Harrison Radiographic
Line Drawing Methods: Crossed ICCs for Lateral Posterior Tangents and AP Modified Risser-Ferguson. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002; 25: 93-98.
11. Normand MC, Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Black P, Harrison DD, Holland B. Reliability and Measurement Error of
the BioTonix Video Posture Evaluation System. Part I: Inanmate objects. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002; 25(4):
246-250.
12. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Colloca CJ, Betz JW, Janik TJ, Holland B. Repeatability Over Time of Posture, X-
ray Positioning, and X-ray Line Drawing: An Analysis of Six Control Groups. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003;
26(2):87-98.
13. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Sagittal Skin Contour of the Cervical Spine: Part
1Interexaminer and Intraexaminer Reliability of the Flexicurve Instrument. 2003, in review.
Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Sagittal Skin Contour of the Cervical Spine: Part II
Validity of the Flexicurve Instrument. 2003; in review.
II. Spinal Modeling
15. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Holland B. Comparisons of Lordotic Cervical Spine Curvatures to a
Theoretical Ideal Model of the Static Sagittal Cervical Spine. Spine 1996;21(6):667-675.
16. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Colloca CJ. Evaluations of the Assumptions Used to
Derive an Ideal Normal Cervical Spine Model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1997; 20(4): 246-256.
17. Troyanovich SJ, Cailliet R, Janik TJ, Harrison DD, Harrison DE. Radiographic Mensuration Characteristics
of the Sagittal Lumbar Spine From A Normal Population with a Method to Synthesize Prior Studies of Lordosis. J
Spinal Disord 1997;10(5): 380-386.
18. Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Holland B. Elliptical Modeling of the Sagittal
Lumbar Lordosis and Segmental Rotation Angles as a Method to Discriminate Between Normal and Low Back
Pain Subjects. J Spinal Disord 1998; 11(5): 430-439.
19. Janik TJ, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE. Can the Sagittal Lumbar Curvature be
Closely Approximated by an Ellipse? J Orthop Res 1998; 16(6): 766-770.
20. Harrison DE, Janik TJ, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Harmon S. Can the Thoracic Kyphosis be Modeled with a
Simple Geometric Shape? The Results of Circular and Elliptical Modeling in 80 Asymptomatic Subjects. J Spinal
Disord 2002; 15(3): 213-220.
21. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Cailliet R, Haas JW. Do alterations in vertebral and disc dimensions
affect an elliptical model of the thoracic kyphosis? Spine 2003; 28(5): 463-469.
22. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Cailliet R, Colloca CJ, Keller TS. The Optimal Sagittal Geometric
Configuration of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: Biomechanical Analysis of Buckling, Vibration, Osteoporotic
Deformity, Osteoarthritis Loading, and Sagittal Balance of 80 Normal Subjects. 2003; In preparation.
24. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Haas JW, Janik TJ, Cailliet R. Normal Spine Model from T1 to S1: Adjoining
Portions of Ellipses at T12. 2003; In preparation.
25. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Haas JW, Janik TJ, Cailliet R. Normal Cervical Spine Model: Geometrical modeling
in 76 subjects. 2003; in preparation.
26. Harrison DD, Harrison DE, Haas JW, Janik TJ, Colloca CJ. The Harrison Normal Ellipsoidal Spinal Model
from C1 to S1. 2003; in preparation.
III. Technique
27. Harrison DD, Jackson BL, Troyanovich SJ, Robertson GA, DeGeorge D, Barker WF. The Efficacy of Cervical
Extension-Compression Traction Combined with Diversified Manipulation and Drop Table Adjustments in the
Rehabilitation of Cervical Lordosis. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1994;17(7):454-464.
28. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Harrison GR, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison SO. Chiropractic Biophysics
Technique: A Linear Algebra Approach to Posture in Chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19(8):525-
535.
29. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. New 3-Point Bending Traction Method of
Restoring Cervical Lordosis Combined with Cervical Manipulation: Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial.
Archives Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83(4):447-453.
30. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Changes in Sagittal Lumbar Configuration with a
New Method of Extension Traction: Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial. Archives Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83
(11): 1585-1591.
31. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Betz J, Janik TJ, Holland B, Colloca C, Haas JW. Increasing the Cervical Lordosis
with CBP Seated Combined Extension-Compression and Transverse Load Cervical Traction with Cervical
Manipulation: Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003;26(3) :139-151
32. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Betz JW, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. A Conservative Methods for
Reducing Lateral Translation Postures of the Head: A Non- randomized clinical Control Trial. J Rehabil Res Dev
2003; in press.
33. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Betz JW, Harrison DD, Haas JW, Janik TJ, Holland B.A Non randomized Clinical
Control Trial of Harrison Mirror Image Methods for Correcting Trunk List (Lateral Translations of the Thoracic
Cage). 2003; in review.
34. Colloca CJ, Keller, TS, Black P, Normand M, Harrison DE, Harrison DD. Comparison of the Activator and
CBP Instruments. (being written)
35. Meyer D, Harrison DE. Cohort study of consecutive patients with anterior head translation posture. Being
written.
IV. Practice Protocols
36. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD. Review of the Scientific Literature Relevant to Structural
Rehabilitation of the Spine and Posture: Rationale for Treatment Beyond the Resolution of Symptoms. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998;21(1):37-50.
37. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DD, Harrison DE. Low back pain and the lumbar intervertebral disc: Clinical
considerations for the doctor of chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(2): 96-104.
38. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ, Harmon S. Its Time to Accept the Evidence for a Normal Spinal
Position. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23: 623-644.
V. Reviews of the Literature
39. Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Janik TJ, Murphy DJ. A Normal Sagittal Spinal Configuration: A
Desirable Clinical Outcome. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19(6):398-405.
40. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. The Sacroiliac Joint: A Review of Anatomy and Mechanics. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1997; 20(9): 607-17.
41. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. Three-Dimensional Spinal Coupling Mechanics. Part I: A
Review of the Literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(2): 101-113.
42. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. Three-Dimensional Spinal Coupling Mechanics. Part II:
Implications for Chiropractic Theories and Practice. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(3): 177-86 .
43. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO. A Review of Biomechanics of the Central
Nervous System. PART I: Spinal Canal Deformations Due to Changes in Posture. J Manipulative Physiol Ther
1999; 22(4):227-234.
44. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO. A Review of Biomechanics of the Central
Nervous System. PART II: Strains in the Spinal Cord from Postural Loads. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22
(5):322-332.
45. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO. A Review of Biomechanics of the Central
Nervous System. PART III: Spinal Cord Stresses from Postural Loads and Their Neurologic Effects. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(6):399-410.
46. Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC, Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ. Sitting Biomechanics Part I: Review of the
Literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(9): 594-609.
47. Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC, Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ. Sitting Biomechanics Part II: Optimal Car
Driver’s Seat and Optimal Driver’s Spinal Model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23(1): 37-47.
VI. Critical Appraisal of Chiropractic Methods
48. Harrison DD, Colloca CJ, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE. Torque: An Appraisal of Misuse of Terminology in
Chiropractic Literature and Technique. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19(7): 454-462.
49. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. Reliability of Spinal Displacement Analysis on Plane X-rays: A
Review of Commonly Accepted Facts and Fallacies with Implications for Chiropractic Education and Technique.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998;21:252-66.
50. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DD, Harrison DE. Commentary, Motion Palpation: It’s Time to accept the evidence.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(8): 569-571.
51. Harrison DD, Colloca CJ, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE. Commentary, Torque Misuse Revisited. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(9): 649-655.
VII X-Ray Projection
52. Coleman RR, Bernard BB, Harrison DE. The Effects of Real Life X-axis Vertebral Translation on Projected Y-
axis Vertebral Rotation Images. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998;21:333-40.
53. Coleman RR, Bernard BB, Harrison DE, Harrison SO. Correlation and quantification of projected 2-D
radiographic images with actual 3-D y-axis vertebral rotations. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(1): 21-25.
54. Coleman RR, Harrison DE, Fischer T, Harrison SO. Correlation and Quantification of Relative 2-D Projected
Vertebral Endplate Z-axis Rotations with 3-D Y-axis Vertebral Rotations and Focal Spot Elevation. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2000; 23(6): 414-419.
55. Coleman RR, Harrison DE, Bernard BB. The Effects of Combined X-axis Translations and Y-axis Rotations on
Projected Lamina Junction Offset. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001; 24(8): 509-513.
VIII. CBP® Case Studies
56. Paulk GP, Harrison DE. Management of a chronic lumbar disk herniation with CBP methods following failed
chiropractic manipulative intervention. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003; in press.
57. Ferrantelli J, Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Steward D. Conservative management of previously unresponsive
whiplash associated disorders with CBP methods: A Case Report. JMPT 2003; in press.
58. Bastecki AV, Harrison DE, Haas JW. Cervical Kyphosis is a Possible Link to ADHD: A CBPÒ Case Study.
2003, in press.
59. Harrison DE, Bula J, Harrison DD. Non-operative Correction of flat back syndrome with conservative lumbar
extension traction: Case Series of Three. 2003; in review.
60. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Bymers B. Reduction of symptoms in a patient with syringomyelia,
cluster headaches, and cervical kyphosis: A CBPÒ case report. 2003; being written
61. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD. Improvement following spinal rehabilitation in a Progressive Multiple
Sclerosis Patient: A CBPÒ Case Study. 2003, being written.
62. Harrison DE, Haas JW. Positive Outcomes with Tourett’s Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder Following
Cervical Lordosis Restoration: a CBP Case Report. 2003, being written.
IX. Spinal Coupling/Biomechanics
63. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Coleman RR. Lumbar Coupling During
Lateral Translations of the Thoracic Cage Relative to a Fixed Pelvis. Clin Biomech 1999; 14(10): 704-709.
64. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Troyanovich SJ, Janik TJ. Cervical Coupling During Lateral Head
Translations Creates an “S”-Configuration. Clin Biomech 2000; 15: 436-440.
65. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B, Siskin L. Slight Head Extension: Does it Reverse the Cervical
Curve? Euro Spine J 2001; 10: 149-153.
66. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Jones EW, Cailliet R, Normand M. Comparison of Axial and Flexural
Stresses in Lordosis and Three Buckled Modes in the Cervical Spine. Clin Biomech 2001; 16(4): 276-284.
67. Harrison DD, Jones EW, Janik TJ, Harrison DE. Evaluation of Flexural Stresses in the Vertebral body Cortex
and Trabecular Bone in Three Cervical Configurations with an Elliptical Shell Model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther
2002; 25(6): 391-401.
68. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ. How Do Anterior/Posterior Translations of the thoracic cage
affect the Sagittal Lumbar Spine, Pelvic Tilt, and Thoracic Kyphosis? Euro Spine J 2002; 11(3): 287-293.
69. Keller TS, Harrison DE, Colloca CJ, Harrison DD, Janik TJ. Prediction of osteoporotic spinal deformity. Spine
2003; 28(5): 455-462.
70. Harrison DE, Colloca CJ, Keller TS, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Haas JW. Anterior Thoracic Posture Increases
Thoracolumbar Disc Loading. Euro Spine J 2003; In review.
71. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Beliveau JG. Force-deformation response of the lumbar spine: a sagittal plane model
of posteroanterior manipulation and mobilization. Clin Biomech 2002: 17(3):185-96.
72. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Beliveau JG. Determination of lumbar spine static and dynamic motion patterns: a
twenty-one degree of freedom sagittal plane model. Clin Biomech 2003: in review.
73. Colloca CJ. Chiropractic management of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A report of 2 cases. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2003; in press.
74. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Gunzburg R. Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation.
Part I: Vertebral motion. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003: accepted for publication.
75. Colloca CJ, Keller TS, Gunzburg R. Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation.
Part II: Neurophysiological Response. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003: accepted for publication.
76. Colloca CJ, Keller TS, Peterson TK, Seltzer DE. Comparison of dynamic posteroanterior spinal stiffness to
plain film radiographic images of lumbar disc height. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2003 (May); 26(4): accepted for publication.
77. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Muscular contributions to dynamic posteroanterior spinal stiffness. Manual Therapy
2003; in review.
